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UNCLASSIFIED
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Preliminary Assessment:
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena
25 June 2021
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国家情报总监办公室(OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE)
初步评估:不明空中现象
2021年6月25日
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SCOPE AND ASSUMPTIONS
Scope
This preliminary report is provided by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)
in response to the provision in Senate Report 116-233, accompanying the Intelligence
Authorization Act (IAA) for Fiscal Year 2021, that the DNI, in consultation with the Secretary of
Defense (SECDEF), is to submit an intelligence assessment of the threat posed by unidentified
aerial phenomena (UAP) and the progress the Department of Defense Unidentified Aerial
Phenomena Task Force (UAPTF) has made in understanding this threat.
This report provides an overview for policymakers of the challenges associated with
characterizing the potential threat posed by UAP while also providing a means to develop
relevant processes, policies, technologies, and training for the U.S. military and other U.S.
Government (USG) personnel if and when they encounter UAP, so as to enhance the Intelligence
Community’s (IC) ability to understand the threat. The Director, UAPTF, is the accountable
official for ensuring the timely collection and consolidation of data on UAP. The dataset
described in this report is currently limited primarily to U.S. Government reporting of incidents
occurring from November 2004 to March 2021. Data continues to be collected and analyzed.
ODNI prepared this report for the Congressional Intelligence and Armed Services Committees.
UAPTF and the ODNI National Intelligence Manager for Aviation drafted this report, with input
from USD(I&S), DIA, FBI, NRO, NGA, NSA, Air Force, Army, Navy, Navy/ONI, DARPA,
FAA, NOAA, NGA, ODNI/NIM-Emerging and Disruptive Technology, ODNI/National
Counterintelligence and Security Center, and ODNI/National Intelligence Council.
Assumptions
Various forms of sensors that register UAP generally operate correctly and capture enough real
data to allow initial assessments, but some UAP may be attributable to sensor anomalies.
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范围与假设
范围
本初步报告由国家情报总监办公室(ODNI)提供,以回应参议院第116-233号报告(Senate Report 116-233,随附《2021财年情报授权法案》(IAA))中的条款,该条款要求 DNI 在与国防部长(SECDEF)协商后,提交一份关于不明空中现象(UAP)所构成威胁,以及国防部不明空中现象工作组(UAPTF)在理解该威胁方面所取得进展的情报评估。
本报告为决策者概述了在描述 UAP 所构成的潜在威胁时所面临的挑战,同时也提供了一种途径,以便为美国军方及其他美国政府(USG)人员在遭遇 UAP 时(若发生)制定相关流程、政策、技术与培训,从而增强情报界(IC)理解该威胁的能力。UAPTF 主任是负责确保及时收集与整合 UAP 数据的问责官员。本报告所描述的数据集目前主要限于美国政府对2004年11月至2021年3月期间发生事件的报告。数据仍在持续收集与分析中。ODNI 为国会情报与军事委员会编制了本报告。本报告由 UAPTF 与 ODNI 国家航空情报官员起草,并得到了以下机构的意见输入:USD(I&S)、DIA、FBI、NRO、NGA、NSA、空军、陆军、海军、海军/ONI、DARPA、FAA、NOAA、NGA、ODNI/NIM-新兴与颠覆性技术、ODNI/国家反情报与安全中心,以及 ODNI/国家情报委员会。
假设
各类登记 UAP 的传感器通常运作正常,并捕获了足够的真实数据以支持初步评估,但部分 UAP 可能可归因于传感器异常。
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The limited amount of high-quality reporting on unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP)
hampers our ability to draw firm conclusions about the nature or intent of UAP. The
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (UAPTF) considered a range of information on UAP
described in U.S. military and IC (Intelligence Community) reporting, but because the reporting
lacked sufficient specificity, ultimately recognized that a unique, tailored reporting process was
required to provide sufficient data for analysis of UAP events.
• As a result, the UAPTF concentrated its review on reports that occurred between
2004 and 2021, the majority of which are a result of this new tailored process to
better capture UAP events through formalized reporting.
• Most of the UAP reported probably do represent physical objects given that a
majority of UAP were registered across multiple sensors, to include radar, infrared,
electro-optical, weapon seekers, and visual observation.
In a limited number of incidents, UAP reportedly appeared to exhibit unusual flight
characteristics. These observations could be the result of sensor errors, spoofing, or
observer misperception and require additional rigorous analysis.
There are probably multiple types of UAP requiring different explanations based on the
range of appearances and behaviors described in the available reporting. Our analysis of
the data supports the construct that if and when individual UAP incidents are resolved they will
fall into one of five potential explanatory categories: airborne clutter, natural atmospheric
phenomena, USG or U.S. industry developmental programs, foreign adversary systems, and a
catchall “other” bin.
UAP clearly pose a safety of flight issue and may pose a challenge to U.S. national security.
Safety concerns primarily center on aviators contending with an increasingly cluttered air
domain. UAP would also represent a national security challenge if they are foreign adversary
collection platforms or provide evidence a potential adversary has developed either a
breakthrough or disruptive technology.
Consistent consolidation of reports from across the federal government, standardized
reporting, increased collection and analysis, and a streamlined process for screening all
such reports against a broad range of relevant USG data will allow for a more
sophisticated analysis of UAP that is likely to deepen our understanding. Some of these
steps are resource-intensive and would require additional investment.
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执行摘要
关于不明空中现象(UAP)的高质量报告数量有限,这妨碍了我们就 UAP 的性质或意图得出确定结论的能力。不明空中现象工作组(UAPTF)考量了美国军方及 IC(情报界)报告中所描述的一系列 UAP 信息,但由于这些报告缺乏足够的具体性,最终认识到需要一套独特的、量身定制的报告流程,以提供足够的数据来分析 UAP 事件。
• 因此,UAPTF 将其审查集中于2004年至2021年间发生的报告,其中大多数是这一新的定制流程的结果,旨在通过正式化的报告更好地捕获 UAP 事件。
• 鉴于大多数 UAP 是由多个传感器(包括雷达、红外、光电、武器导引头及目视观测)登记的,大多数被报告的 UAP 很可能确实代表物理物体。
在数量有限的事件中,UAP 据报告似乎表现出异常的飞行特征。这些观测可能是传感器误差、欺骗或观察者误判的结果,需要进行额外的严格分析。
很可能存在多种类型的 UAP,根据现有报告中所描述的外观与行为范围,需要不同的解释。我们对数据的分析支持这样一种架构:若个别 UAP 事件得到解决(当其得以解决时),它们将归入五个潜在的解释类别之一:空中杂波、自然大气现象、美国政府或美国工业研发项目、外国对手系统,以及一个统称的“其他”类别。
UAP 显然构成飞行安全问题,并可能对美国国家安全构成挑战。安全顾虑主要集中于飞行员应对日益拥挤的空域。如果 UAP 是外国对手的搜集平台,或提供了潜在对手已开发出突破性或颠覆性技术的证据,则 UAP 也将代表一项国家安全挑战。
持续整合来自联邦政府各部门的报告、标准化报告、加强收集与分析,以及建立一套精简流程以对照广泛的相关 USG 数据筛查所有此类报告,将有助于对 UAP 进行更精密的分析,并可能加深我们的理解。其中某些步骤资源密集,需要额外投入。
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AVAILABLE REPORTING LARGELY INCONCLUSIVE
Limited Data Leaves Most UAP Unexplained…
Limited data and inconsistency in reporting are key challenges to evaluating UAP. No
standardized reporting mechanism existed until the Navy established one in March 2019. The
Air Force subsequently adopted that mechanism in November 2020, but it remains limited to
USG reporting. The UAPTF regularly heard anecdotally during its research about other
observations that occurred but which were never captured in formal or informal reporting by
those observers.
After carefully considering this information, the UAPTF focused on reports that involved UAP
largely witnessed firsthand by military aviators and that were collected from systems we
considered to be reliable. These reports describe incidents that occurred between 2004 and 2021,
with the majority coming in the last two years as the new reporting mechanism became better
known to the military aviation community. We were able to identify one reported UAP with
high confidence. In that case, we identified the object as a large, deflating balloon. The others
remain unexplained.
• 144 reports originated from USG sources. Of these, 80 reports involved observation
with multiple sensors.
o Most reports described UAP as objects that interrupted pre-planned training or
other military activity.
UAP Collection Challenges
Sociocultural stigmas and sensor limitations remain obstacles to collecting data on UAP.
Although some technical challenges—such as how to appropriately filter out radar clutter to
ensure safety of flight for military and civilian aircraft—are longstanding in the aviation
community, while others are unique to the UAP problem set.
• Narratives from aviators in the operational community and analysts from the military
and IC describe disparagement associated with observing UAP, reporting it, or
attempting to discuss it with colleagues. Although the effects of these stigmas have
lessened as senior members of the scientific, policy, military, and intelligence
communities engage on the topic seriously in public, reputational risk may keep
many observers silent, complicating scientific pursuit of the topic.
• The sensors mounted on U.S. military platforms are typically designed to fulfill
specific missions. As a result, those sensors are not generally suited for identifying
UAP.
• Sensor vantage points and the numbers of sensors concurrently observing an object
play substantial roles in distinguishing UAP from known objects and determining
whether a UAP demonstrates breakthrough aerospace capabilities. Optical sensors
have the benefit of providing some insight into relative size, shape, and structure.
Radiofrequency sensors provide more accurate velocity and range information.
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现有报告大体上无定论
有限的数据使大多数 UAP 无法解释……
有限的数据与报告的不一致是评估 UAP 的关键挑战。在海军于2019年3月建立标准化报告机制之前,并不存在此类机制。空军随后于2020年11月采用了该机制,但其仍限于 USG 报告。UAPTF 在其研究期间经常听闻一些轶事性的描述,提及其他曾发生但从未被那些观察者以正式或非正式报告记录下来的观测。
在仔细考量这些信息后,UAPTF 将重点放在那些主要由军方飞行员第一手目击、且采集自我们认为可靠的系统的 UAP 报告上。这些报告描述了2004年至2021年间发生的事件,其中大多数发生在最近两年,因为新的报告机制为军事航空界所更熟知。我们能够以高置信度识别出一例被报告的 UAP。在该案例中,我们将该物体识别为一只大型的、正在泄气的气球。其余的仍无法解释。
• 144份报告源自 USG 来源。其中,80份报告涉及多个传感器的观测。
o 大多数报告将 UAP 描述为打断了预先计划的训练或其他军事活动的物体。
UAP 收集挑战
社会文化上的污名与传感器的局限仍是收集 UAP 数据的障碍。尽管某些技术挑战——例如如何恰当地滤除雷达杂波以确保军用与民用飞机的飞行安全——在航空界由来已久,而另一些则是 UAP 这一问题集所特有的。
• 来自作战界飞行员以及军方和 IC 分析人员的叙述描述了与观测 UAP、报告它或试图与同事讨论它相关联的贬低。尽管随着科学、政策、军事与情报界的高级成员公开认真地探讨这一话题,这些污名的影响已有所减轻,但声誉风险可能使许多观察者保持沉默,从而使对该话题的科学探究复杂化。
• 安装在美国军用平台上的传感器通常是为完成特定任务而设计的。因此,这些传感器一般不适于识别 UAP。
• 传感器的有利视角以及同时观测一个物体的传感器数量,在区分 UAP 与已知物体、以及确定某一 UAP 是否展示出突破性航空航天能力方面发挥着重要作用。光学传感器的好处在于能提供关于相对大小、形状与结构的一些洞察。射频传感器则提供更精确的速度与距离信息。
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But Some Potential Patterns Do Emerge
Although there was wide variability in the reports and the dataset is currently too limited to allow
for detailed trend or pattern analysis, there was some clustering of UAP observations regarding
shape, size, and, particularly, propulsion. UAP sightings also tended to cluster around U.S.
training and testing grounds, but we assess that this may result from a collection bias as a result
of focused attention, greater numbers of latest-generation sensors operating in those areas, unit
expectations, and guidance to report anomalies.
And a Handful of UAP Appear to Demonstrate Advanced Technology
In 18 incidents, described in 21 reports, observers reported unusual UAP movement patterns or
flight characteristics.
Some UAP appeared to remain stationary in winds aloft, move against the wind, maneuver
abruptly, or move at considerable speed, without discernable means of propulsion. In a small
number of cases, military aircraft systems processed radio frequency (RF) energy associated with
UAP sightings.
The UAPTF holds a small amount of data that appear to show UAP demonstrating acceleration
or a degree of signature management. Additional rigorous analysis are necessary by multiple
teams or groups of technical experts to determine the nature and validity of these data. We are
conducting further analysis to determine if breakthrough technologies were demonstrated.
UAP PROBABLY LACK A SINGLE EXPLANATION
The UAP documented in this limited dataset demonstrate an array of aerial behaviors,
reinforcing the possibility there are multiple types of UAP requiring different explanations. Our
analysis of the data supports the construct that if and when individual UAP incidents are resolved
they will fall into one of five potential explanatory categories: airborne clutter, natural
atmospheric phenomena, USG or industry developmental programs, foreign adversary systems,
and a catchall “other” bin. With the exception of the one instance where we determined with
high confidence that the reported UAP was airborne clutter, specifically a deflating balloon, we
currently lack sufficient information in our dataset to attribute incidents to specific explanations.
Airborne Clutter: These objects include birds, balloons, recreational unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAV), or airborne debris like plastic bags that muddle a scene and affect an operator’s ability to
identify true targets, such as enemy aircraft.
Natural Atmospheric Phenomena: Natural atmospheric phenomena includes ice crystals,
moisture, and thermal fluctuations that may register on some infrared and radar systems.
USG or Industry Developmental Programs: Some UAP observations could be attributable to
developments and classified programs by U.S. entities. We were unable to confirm, however,
that these systems accounted for any of the UAP reports we collected.
Foreign Adversary Systems: Some UAP may be technologies deployed by China, Russia,
another nation, or a non-governmental entity.
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但确实浮现出一些潜在模式
尽管报告之间存在很大差异,且数据集目前过于有限,无法进行详细的趋势或模式分析,但 UAP 观测在形状、大小,尤其是推进方式方面存在某种聚集现象。UAP 目击也倾向于聚集在美国训练与测试场地周围,但我们评估认为,这可能是由于集中关注、在这些区域运行的最新一代传感器数量更多、部队预期,以及报告异常的指引等因素所导致的收集偏差。
少数 UAP 似乎展示出先进技术
在18起事件中(在21份报告中描述),观察者报告了异常的 UAP 运动模式或飞行特征。
一些 UAP 似乎在高空风中保持静止、逆风移动、突然机动,或在没有可辨识推进手段的情况下以相当的速度移动。在少数案例中,军用飞机系统处理了与 UAP 目击相关联的射频(RF)能量。
UAPTF 持有少量数据,这些数据似乎显示 UAP 展示出加速或某种程度的特征管理。需要由多个团队或技术专家组进行额外的严格分析,以确定这些数据的性质与有效性。我们正在进行进一步分析,以确定是否展示了突破性技术。
UAP 很可能没有单一解释
这一有限数据集中所记录的 UAP 展示出一系列空中行为,强化了存在多种类型 UAP 需要不同解释的可能性。我们对数据的分析支持这样一种架构:若个别 UAP 事件得到解决(当其得以解决时),它们将归入五个潜在的解释类别之一:空中杂波、自然大气现象、USG 或工业研发项目、外国对手系统,以及一个统称的“其他”类别。除了那一例我们以高置信度确定所报告 UAP 为空中杂波(具体为一只正在泄气的气球)的情形之外,我们目前在数据集中缺乏足够信息将事件归因于具体解释。
空中杂波(Airborne Clutter):这些物体包括鸟类、气球、休闲用无人航空飞行器(UAV),或如塑料袋之类的空中碎片,它们扰乱了场景并影响操作员识别真实目标(如敌方飞机)的能力。
自然大气现象(Natural Atmospheric Phenomena):自然大气现象包括冰晶、水汽和热波动,它们可能在某些红外与雷达系统上有所登记。
USG 或工业研发项目(USG or Industry Developmental Programs):某些 UAP 观测可能可归因于美国实体的研发与机密项目。然而,我们无法确认这些系统能解释我们所收集的任何 UAP 报告。
外国对手系统(Foreign Adversary Systems):某些 UAP 可能是由中国、俄罗斯、另一国家或某一非政府实体所部署的技术。
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Other: Although most of the UAP described in our dataset probably remain unidentified due to
limited data or challenges to collection processing or analysis, we may require additional
scientific knowledge to successfully collect on, analyze and characterize some of them. We
would group such objects in this category pending scientific advances that allowed us to better
understand them. The UAPTF intends to focus additional analysis on the small number of cases
where a UAP appeared to display unusual flight characteristics or signature management.
UAP THREATEN FLIGHT SAFETY AND, POSSIBLY, NATIONAL
SECURITY
UAP pose a hazard to safety of flight and could pose a broader danger if some instances
represent sophisticated collection against U.S. military activities by a foreign government or
demonstrate a breakthrough aerospace technology by a potential adversary.
Ongoing Airspace Concerns
When aviators encounter safety hazards, they are required to report these concerns. Depending
on the location, volume, and behavior of hazards during incursions on ranges, pilots may cease
their tests and/or training and land their aircraft, which has a deterrent effect on reporting.
• The UAPTF has 11 reports of documented instances in which pilots reported near
misses with a UAP.
Potential National Security Challenges
We currently lack data to indicate any UAP are part of a foreign collection program or indicative
of a major technological advancement by a potential adversary. We continue to monitor for
evidence of such programs given the counter intelligence challenge they would pose, particularly
as some UAP have been detected near military facilities or by aircraft carrying the USG’s most
advanced sensor systems.
EXPLAINING UAP WILL REQUIRE ANALYTIC, COLLECTION AND
RESOURCE INVESTMENT
Standardize the Reporting, Consolidate the Data, and Deepen the Analysis
In line with the provisions of Senate Report 116-233, accompanying the IAA for FY 2021, the
UAPTF’s long-term goal is to widen the scope of its work to include additional UAP events
documented by a broader swath of USG personnel and technical systems in its analysis. As the
dataset increases, the UAPTF’s ability to employ data analytics to detect trends will also
improve. The initial focus will be to employ artificial intelligence/machine learning algorithms
to cluster and recognize similarities and patterns in features of the data points. As the database
accumulates information from known aerial objects such as weather balloons, high-altitude or
super-pressure balloons, and wildlife, machine learning can add efficiency by pre-assessing UAP
reports to see if those records match similar events already in the database.
• The UAPTF has begun to develop interagency analytical and processing workflows
to ensure both collection and analysis will be well informed and coordinated.
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其他(Other):尽管我们数据集中所描述的大多数 UAP 很可能因数据有限或收集、处理或分析方面的挑战而仍未被识别,但我们可能需要额外的科学知识才能成功地对其中一些进行收集、分析与描述。在科学进步使我们能够更好地理解它们之前,我们会将此类物体归入这一类别。UAPTF 打算对少数 UAP 似乎显示出异常飞行特征或特征管理的案例集中进行额外分析。
UAP 威胁飞行安全,并可能威胁国家安全
UAP 对飞行安全构成危害,并且如果某些实例代表外国政府对美国军事活动的精密搜集,或展示出潜在对手的突破性航空航天技术,则可能构成更广泛的危险。
持续存在的空域顾虑
当飞行员遭遇安全危害时,他们被要求报告这些顾虑。根据靶场入侵期间危害的位置、数量与行为,飞行员可能中止其测试和/或训练并使飞机降落,这对报告产生了威慑效应。
• UAPTF 有11份记录在案的实例报告,其中飞行员报告了与 UAP 的近距接触(near misses)。
潜在的国家安全挑战
我们目前缺乏数据表明任何 UAP 是外国搜集项目的一部分,或表明潜在对手取得了重大技术进步。鉴于此类项目将构成的反情报挑战,我们将继续监测此类项目的证据,尤其是因为一些 UAP 已在军事设施附近被探测到,或被携带美国政府最先进传感器系统的飞机探测到。
解释 UAP 将需要在分析、收集与资源方面的投入
标准化报告、整合数据、深化分析
依照参议院第116-233号报告(随附《2021财年 IAA》)的条款,UAPTF 的长期目标是扩大其工作范围,将由更广泛的 USG 人员和技术系统所记录的更多 UAP 事件纳入其分析。随着数据集的增加,UAPTF 运用数据分析来检测趋势的能力也将提高。最初的重点将是运用人工智能/机器学习算法,对数据点特征中的相似性与模式进行聚类与识别。随着数据库从已知空中物体(如气象气球、高空或超压气球,以及野生动物)积累信息,机器学习可以通过预先评估 UAP 报告、查看这些记录是否与数据库中已有的类似事件相匹配,来提高效率。
• UAPTF 已开始制定跨机构的分析与处理工作流程,以确保收集与分析都能得到充分信息支持并得到协调。
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The majority of UAP data is from U.S. Navy reporting, but efforts are underway to standardize
incident reporting across U.S. military services and other government agencies to ensure all
relevant data is captured with respect to particular incidents and any U.S. activities that might be
relevant. The UAPTF is currently working to acquire additional reporting, including from the
U.S. Air Force (USAF), and has begun receiving data from the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA).
• Although USAF data collection has been limited historically the USAF began a six-
month pilot program in November 2020 to collect in the most likely areas to
encounter UAP and is evaluating how to normalize future collection, reporting, and
analysis across the entire Air Force.
• The FAA captures data related to UAP during the normal course of managing air
traffic operations. The FAA generally ingests this data when pilots and other airspace
users report unusual or unexpected events to the FAA’s Air Traffic Organization.
• In addition, the FAA continuously monitors its systems for anomalies, generating
additional information that may be of use to the UAPTF. The FAA is able to isolate
data of interest to the UAPTF and make it available. The FAA has a robust and
effective outreach program that can help the UAPTF reach members of the aviation
community to highlight the importance of reporting UAP.
Expand Collection
The UAPTF is looking for novel ways to increase collection of UAP cluster areas when U.S.
forces are not present as a way to baseline “standard” UAP activity and mitigate the collection
bias in the dataset. One proposal is to use advanced algorithms to search historical data captured
and stored by radars. The UAPTF also plans to update its current interagency UAP collection
strategy in order bring to bear relevant collection platforms and methods from the DoD and the
IC.
Increase Investment in Research and Development
The UAPTF has indicated that additional funding for research and development could further the
future study of the topics laid out in this report. Such investments should be guided by a UAP
Collection Strategy, UAP R&D Technical Roadmap, and a UAP Program Plan.
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大多数 UAP 数据来自美国海军的报告,但目前正在努力使美国各军种及其他政府机构的事件报告标准化,以确保就特定事件以及任何可能相关的美国活动捕获所有相关数据。UAPTF 目前正致力于获取更多报告,包括来自美国空军(USAF)的报告,并已开始接收来自联邦航空管理局(FAA)的数据。
• 尽管 USAF 的数据收集历来有限,但 USAF 于2020年11月启动了一项为期六个月的试点项目,在最有可能遭遇 UAP 的区域进行收集,并正在评估如何使整个空军未来的收集、报告与分析规范化。
• FAA 在管理空中交通运营的正常过程中捕获与 UAP 相关的数据。当飞行员和其他空域用户向 FAA 的空中交通组织报告异常或意外事件时,FAA 通常会采集这些数据。
• 此外,FAA 持续监测其系统的异常情况,生成可能对 UAPTF 有用的额外信息。FAA 能够分离出 UAPTF 感兴趣的数据并使其可用。FAA 拥有一个强健而有效的外联项目,可以帮助 UAPTF 接触航空界成员,以强调报告 UAP 的重要性。
扩大收集
UAPTF 正在寻找新颖的方法,以在美国部队不在场时增加对 UAP 聚集区域的收集,以此作为为“标准”UAP 活动建立基线并缓解数据集中收集偏差的一种方式。一项提议是使用先进算法搜索雷达所捕获并存储的历史数据。UAPTF 还计划更新其当前的跨机构 UAP 收集战略,以便调动来自 DoD 与 IC 的相关收集平台与方法。
加大研发投入
UAPTF 已表示,为研发提供额外资金可以推进对本报告所列议题的未来研究。此类投资应以一项 UAP 收集战略、一份 UAP 研发技术路线图,以及一份 UAP 项目计划为指导。
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APPENDIX A - Definition of Key Terms
This report and UAPTF databases use the following defining terms:
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP): Airborne objects not immediately identifiable. The
acronym UAP represents the broadest category of airborne objects reviewed for analysis.
UAP Event: A holistic description of an occurrence during which a pilot or aircrew witnessed
(or detected) a UAP.
UAP Incident: A specific part of the event.
UAP Report: Documentation of a UAP event, to include verified chains of custody and basic
information such as the time, date, location, and description of the UAP. UAP reports include
Range Fouler1 reports and other reporting.
1 U.S. Navy aviators define a “range fouler” as an activity or object that interrupts pre-planned training or other
military activity in a military operating area or restricted airspace.
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附录 A — 关键术语定义
本报告与 UAPTF 数据库使用以下定义性术语:
不明空中现象(Unidentified Aerial Phenomena, UAP):无法立即识别的空中物体。缩写 UAP 代表为分析而审查的最广泛的空中物体类别。
UAP 事件(UAP Event):对某一次飞行员或机组目击(或探测)到一个 UAP 的发生情形的整体描述。
UAP 事故(UAP Incident):事件的一个特定部分。
UAP 报告(UAP Report):对一个 UAP 事件的记录,包括经核实的监管链以及基本信息,如 UAP 的时间、日期、地点与描述。UAP 报告包括“靶场干扰者”(Range Fouler)¹报告及其他报告。
¹ 美国海军飞行员将“靶场干扰者”定义为在军事行动区域或限制空域内打断预先计划的训练或其他军事活动的活动或物体。
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APPENDIX B – Senate Report Accompanying the Intelligence Authorization Act
for Fiscal Year 2021
Senate Report 116-233, accompanying the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021,
provides that the DNI, in consultation with the SECDEF and other relevant heads of USG
Agencies, is to submit an intelligence assessment of the threat posed by UAP and the progress
the UAPTF has made to understand this threat.
The Senate Report specifically requested that the report include:
1. A detailed analysis of UAP data and intelligence reporting collected or held by the
Office of Naval Intelligence, including data and intelligence reporting held by the
UAPTF;
2. A detailed analysis of unidentified phenomena data collected by:
a. Geospatial Intelligence;
b. Signals Intelligence;
c. Human Intelligence; and
d. Measurement and Signatures Intelligence
3. A detailed analysis of data of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, which was derived
from investigations of intrusions of UAP data over restricted U.S. airspace;
4. A detailed description of an interagency process for ensuring timely data collection
and centralized analysis of all UAP reporting for the Federal Government, regardless
of which service or agency acquired the information;
5. Identification of an official accountable for the process described in paragraph 4;
6. Identification of potential aerospace or other threats posed by the UAP to national
security, and an assessment of whether this UAP activity may be attributed to one or
more foreign adversaries;
7. Identification of any incidents or patterns that indicate a potential adversary, have
achieved breakthrough aerospace capabilities that could put U.S. strategic or
conventional forces at risk; and
8. Recommendations regarding increased collection of data, enhanced research and
development, additional funding, and other resources.
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附录 B — 随附《2021财年情报授权法案》的参议院报告
参议院第116-233号报告(Senate Report 116-233,随附《2021财年情报授权法案》)规定,DNI 在与 SECDEF 及其他相关 USG 机构负责人协商后,应提交一份关于 UAP 所构成威胁以及 UAPTF 在理解该威胁方面所取得进展的情报评估。
该参议院报告特别要求该报告包括:
1. 对海军情报办公室(Office of Naval Intelligence)所收集或持有的 UAP 数据与情报报告(包括 UAPTF 持有的数据与情报报告)的详细分析;
2. 对通过以下途径收集的不明现象数据的详细分析:
a. 地理空间情报(Geospatial Intelligence);
b. 信号情报(Signals Intelligence);
c. 人力情报(Human Intelligence);以及
d. 测量与特征情报(Measurement and Signatures Intelligence)
3. 对联邦调查局(Federal Bureau of Investigation)数据的详细分析,这些数据来源于对 UAP 侵入美国限制空域数据的调查;
4. 对一套跨机构流程的详细描述,以确保及时收集并集中分析联邦政府所有 UAP 报告,无论是哪个军种或机构获取的信息;
5. 确定一名对第4段所述流程负责的官员;
6. 确定 UAP 对国家安全构成的潜在航空航天或其他威胁,并评估此 UAP 活动是否可归因于一个或多个外国对手;
7. 确定任何表明潜在对手已取得突破性航空航天能力、可能使美国战略或常规力量面临风险的事件或模式;以及
8. 关于加强数据收集、强化研发、追加资金及其他资源的建议。